Amazon Ecosight

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The ceramics of Puruchuco display some of the most significant cultural evidence found at the site.
Theyve provided conclusive chronological information thats helped archaeologists determine the period when the buildings were constructed.

The ceramics are characterized by their globular shape, brown clay and relatively sparse decoration.
The dishes stand out for the use of white paint that covers the edges of each piece..
..especially the parts that correspond with borders, corners, where the neck of a jug meets the body, and around the handles.
Most often these pieces formed a part of funerary collections from the Inca period, in groupings of related ceramic material.
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The town of Nazca was founded in 1595 about 800 years after the Nasca culture that thrived in the arid southern coastal region of Peru from 300 B.C. to 800 A.D.

The color and perfection of that ancient cultures ceramics are renowned around the world pots and vessels feature human and monstrous figures in bold poses and have retained their bright and warm color palette over the centuries.

They also produced the famed Nazca Lines, hundreds of geoglyphs etched into the arid plateau that stretches more than 80 kilometers, or 50 miles, between Nazca and the town of Palpa.

The complexity and scale of the lines can only be fully appreciated from the air:

The enormous artworks range from simple geometric figures to enormous stylized hummingbirds, spiders, monkeys, fish, sharks, llamas and lizards.

The figures are considered Cultural Patrimony by UNESCO.

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The Napo River is one of the most important tributaries of the Amazon.
It crosses the border between Peru and Ecuador. Along its course you can see a huge number of islands and beaches.

..and stop at several communities in the region, like Pantoja, a sleepy border town.
Near the banks of the Napo, you can visit indigenous communities like the Orejones, Witotos, Vacacochas, Arabelas and Secoyas, each with their own distinct culture and traditions.

The river hosts the Eco-region of the Napo considered one of the most important conservation areas in the greater Amazon region.
Its famous for its astounding biodiversity and for its huge number of endemic plant and animal species.

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Puruchuco took its building tradition from the Ychsmas culture that developed in the Rimac and Lurin river valleys during the late Intermediate Period from 900 to 1450 AD.

From the Ychmas the builders took materials and construction techniques, adapting them to produce their own designs, like Pyramids with Ramps.

Mud was used as the main building material.
The technique used to build the walls was called tapial or adobon and required the use of large molds or formwork, which were filled with mud. Once it dried the mold was removed, leaving behind a large mud block.

Repeating this process on each side, or on top of another block, the builders could form long, high and very strong walls, reaching heights of up to 7 meters.or 23 feet.
This technique is similar to the way todays builders work with concrete.

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The inhabitants of Puruchuco used ovens or furnaces to transform the minerals they found into metals..

They were built on high peaks to ensure the good ventilation needed to produce a flame hot enough for metallurgy.

The metal created this way was not totally pure, so it had to be refined again in ovens called toccochimpus
Blacksmiths created alloys like tumbago, a mix of copper and gold, along with mixtures of copper and silver, and also copper, silver and goldalways using a higher percentage of copper than the other metals.

Archaeologists have also found alloys with mechanical properties..
..such as strength, durability and malleability. The most common of these were bronzes with high concentrations of tin and arsenic.

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The Puruchuco site in Lima has been left in a good state of preservation, but has faced its share of controversy.

This is due to the influence of Dr. Arturo Jiménez Borja who was chosen to lead the reconstruction of the archaeological buildings.

Between 1953 and 1960 he directed works at the site, consolidating some walls, reconstructing others and positioning roofs.

He founded an on site museum, considered a pioneer of this type of institution at archaeological sites in Peru.

He was dedicated to the preservation and study of the area, and organized cultural events that promoted the monument to the public.

Sightseers view the ruins from a series of terraces constructed in stages on the peak near the site, from which they can see a panoramic view of the complex.

The restoration integrated the ancient buildings, and filled them with the artificial lights and sound systems typical of a modern cultural space.

When these works were completed they were heavily criticized from within the scientific and archaeological community,
They argued that the works had not been publicized prior to reconstruction, and damaged the heritage value of the site.

This might explain why the Puruchuco complex was not always counted highly in archeological studies.
But the discovery of more than a thousand Inca burial bundles in the last decade has reignited archaeological interest in the site, with the National Geographic Society funding efforts to protect the burial grounds from damage caused by the shanty town of Tupac Amaru that has sprung up next to and in some cases on top of the excavations.

Fertur Peru Travel.

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There are 72 ethnic groups or indigenous communities in Peru. Sixty-five of them live in the Amazonian jungle.

The majority were converted to Christianity by Catholic missionaries but theyve maintained ancestral customs their art and language, their dances and cuisine.

Theyve also retained extensive knowledge of the curative powers of plants, herbs and hallucinogenic beverages like Ayahuasca.

The tea is prepared by a shaman. It was known to the earliest European visitors as a demonic drink but later explorers have sought it out as a drastic cure for a range of addictions.

Scientists hope to use indigenous peoples extensive knowledge of the Amazons plant life to develop new medicines for a range of diseases and conditions.

Our tour guides offer a visit to indigenous towns and villages in the heart of the jungle.

Fertur Peru Travel.

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Pisac is famous for its arts, craft and food market that takes over the town, and for the ruins of a fortress that stands on a high ridge nearby. It marks the starting point of the Sacred Valley of the Incas.

Driving in from Cusco, you can see the white awnings that spread all over town for Market Day, every Tuesday, Thursday and Sunday.

Avenues and paths are draped in tapestries, pottery and artwork. As you get to the main square theyre replaced by a cornucopia of potatoes, corn, fruit and vegetables, all sold by women in traditional dress, along with stalls selling kitchen implements, and a rainbow selection of dyes and pigments.

A short drive takes you to the top of the ridge, and the ruins of Inca Pisac, broken into four sections, each linked by a narrow path that hugs the ridge.

The fortress and the Intihuatana or Temple of the Sun offer spectacular views of an amphitheatre-shaped valley filled with agricultural terraces. They continue high up on mountain ridges surrounding the site. The Incas dug up rich soil from the valley floor to grow huge crops of corn and quinoa at high altitudes.

The ruined fortress looks across to a hillside pocked with funeral niches. The more intricate and elaborate curved stonework at the Temple of the Sun reveals the trapezoidal archways and smooth, gapless walls that are hallmarks of Inca architecture.

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Visit the floating neighborhood of Belen

Belén sits on the banks of the Amazon River. Its the floating suburb of Iquitos.

Residents have built their houses on wooden stilts or tethered rafts

In times when the river rises, mooring cables keep the rafts from floating away and everyone moves upstairs. Most people in Belen fish for a living, but when the river falls they use the surrounding flood plain to grow crops.

All year round the river remains the main means of transport. People get around in boats or canoes.
The market is the main attraction, a center for jungle food, medicines and bizarre herbal remedies, where you can buy a piranha for lunch or sample an exotic potion brewed by a shaman.

After wandering through the stalls canoes can take you on a tour of the canals, for a glimpse of a life lived on the waters of the Amazon.

Fertur Peru Travel.

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To reach the ExplorNapo Lodge we board a speed boat, and travel on the upper reaches of the Amazon.

we then enter a tributary, the Napo River, and disembark at the ExplorNapo Lodge in a rainforest reserve.

The first stop is a visit to the Enthno-botanical Garden the ReNuPeRu next to the lodge.
The garden shows the vast variety of medicinal plants native to the Amazon. Many have found a place in modern medicine.

A canopy walkway through the treetops is an unforgettable experience.
More than 35 meters high 500 meters long, the walkway offers a privileged viewing platform to observe the plants and animals that live in the trees..

including birds and monkeys, reptiles and insects that never touch the ground in their lives.
Its accessible to everyone and doesnt require special skills or equipment.
Suspended among the 14 tallest trees in the reserve, the canopy walkway is the longest in the world.
During a boat excursion along one of the many branches of the Napo River youll spot macaws, toucans, three toed sloths and several species of monkey.
This and much more is waiting for you in Iquitos.

Fertur Peru Travel.

A full service travel agency and tour operator dedicated to making your journey to Peru a dream come true.

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Duration : 0:1:47

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